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CuO. (100% CuO) One of the oldest colorants used by potters. It is a popular source of copper in glazes and glass. It can act as a strong flux. It is the most stable form of oxidized copper (Cuprous oxide oxidizes to cupric oxide in normal firings). The oxide form of copper can give a speckled color in glazes whereas the carbonate form will give a more uniform effect. Copper normally produces green colors in amounts to 5% where it moves toward black. In reduction firing, it turns to Cu2O and gives vibrant red hues. Above 1025C copper becomes increasingly volatile and its crystalline structure breaks down. At 1325C CuO melts. This can affect the color of other glazes pieces in the kiln. Glazes containing copper can change significantly because of loss of copper. (Courtesy Digital Fire). Toxic in raw form in large quanities.